Symptoms to watch for as pet expert says 'always wash your dog's feet'

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As colder temperatures sweep the UK, a leading pet health expert is warning of the dangers faced by dogs when venturing out on their daily walk this winter. Pet Nutritionist and Veterinary Advisor for Burns Pet Nutrition, Emily Boardman says it’s important that dog owners are aware of the potential hazards that the colder months bring when walking dogs.

From icy roads to toxic substances, winter brings a host of hidden dangers for canines, however, with a few simple precautions, owners can keep their dog safe when heading out for winter walkies.

Rock salt from road gritters

Rock salt - a mix of salt and grit - is used to de-ice roads in the winter, but poses a poisoning threat to pets who are prone to licking it off their paws when back inside. A tiny amount of salt can be extremely dangerous to pets because it can cause high blood sodium concentration, leading to thirst, vomiting and lethargy, and in severe cases convulsions and kidney damage. If the dog has ingested any rock salt it is imperative to seek out advice from a vet to ensure that your dog will be able to receive treatment.

It’s important to try your best to help your dog so take a mild, pet-safe shampoo and gently wash the dog’s pads before thoroughly drying the paws. Once the dog has been sent to the vet the treatment will depend on the blood sodium which will affect the dog’s condition.

It is important that owners don’t attempt to make their dog vomit as this should only be done by certified professionals.

Hypothermia

As the cold weather arrives and temperatures plummet, dogs feel the effects just as much as humans will. Some dogs have large coats of fur which enable them to regulate their body temperature without much issue even in the coldest days of winter. However, smaller breeds such as a Jack Russell or a Dachshund are much more susceptible to catching hypothermia. Dogs will visibly show their distress in the cold weather so there are several signs to look out for from your dog that they require help.

As the hypothermia takes hold of the dog, it will begin to show signs of muscle stiffness whilst shivering and having shallow breathing. If you notice your dog’s pupils dilating as well then it is crucial to try to help them warm up as fast as possible with either a jacket or a jumper.

A dog’s temperature should be around 38-39 degrees so the use of a pet thermometer can help keep track of how dogs fare in the chilly winter ahead.

Frozen bodies of water

Dogs will often run ahead of their owners on a walk and enjoy a splash in the rivers across the entirety of the United Kingdom. One potential danger that owners must watch out for is the ice that freezes over a body of water. Whilst it often appears that bodies of water might be able to hold weight, often it’s not true and there is a real danger of beloved pups ending up trapped in freezing water.

Naturally, dog owners would want to rescue their pooch but could also end up getting into trouble as they try to negotiate the icy water. That’s why it is recommended that all dogs are kept on lead throughout winter when walking next to bodies of water.

Rat and mouse poison

Rats and mice tend to come into homes more in the winter to escape the cold outside - this means there is an increased likelihood of poison being laid down. Dogs will often mistakenly eat these poisons intended to end an infestation problem but actually leave dog owner’s with a pooch who has an ingestion issue.

SIgns that a dog has ingested rat poison will usually be indicated due to bleeding as the blood will not be able to clot properly. Often, the bleeding is from the top of the inside of the mouth at the gums or the nose but it might also show up in the urine or faeces so it is worth checking if you suspect your dog has eaten some poison.

Whilst rat poison is toxic to dogs and will leave them with symptoms, it should not be fatal if caught early. The size of the dog also plays a part in how much toxicity your dog is able to process without serious harm.

If you suspect that your dog has eaten poison, contact your vet immediately to seek out the right course of advice and treatment for your pup.

Arthritis

Many dogs suffer with joint issues as they get older and much like their human counterparts with colder weather, arthritis [8] can become more of an issue. The condition causes inflammation of the joints leaving many dogs feeling stiff, uncomfortable and unable to move particularly well.

As the dog suffers with arthritis it causes cartilage within a joint to begin to shift from the natural position leaving the bones and the joint to rub together which can be incredibly painful. There are several signs that your dog has arthritis including being grumpy and appearing slower than usual as well as a bit of resistance when trying to take them for a walk.

This can be down in part to the lameness that can be onset by the arthritis meaning many dogs will try to avoid exercising if they can help it. If any of those signs get worse when inclement weather occurs then it is likely that arthritis has set in and a trip to the vet will be required to seek out the best solution.

Your vet might recommend a variety of solutions to the problem including medication for the remainder of your dog’s life. If your dog is on the pudgy side then the vet will also suggest that taking some pressure of the joints in the knees will aid the quality of your dog’s life.

Winter weight gain

Dogs, much like humans, are susceptible to weight gain over the winter due to the miserable weather and lack of daylight. Many owners might just open the door for their dog to roam the back garden instead of taking them for a wander through the park or local woods.

This along with no reduction in the diet of dogs will see them more than likely add a few extra pounds of fat. A dog’s lifespan can be massively affected by their weight and will see family pets suffering with diabetes and heart disease in the same way that humans do.

If you’re concerned over how much your dog might eat over winter, simply reduce their portions and ensure that they aren’t given too many snacks. Make sure that any human festive treats are also kept out of reach from prying eyes as dogs often showcase impressive athletic prowess to eat cakes and chocolate not intended for them.

Antifreeze

One of the most dangerous hidden hazards of winter is antifreeze, which is commonly used in car engines, de-icing products, and screen wash.

Antifreeze contains ethylene glycol, a highly toxic substance that can cause severe illness or even death in pets if ingested.Emily says “The best way to guard against your dog eating any of these poisonous items is to be vigilant whenever possible. If your dog is prone to eating things they shouldn’t, keep them on a lead when going for winter walks - especially in areas where you know there are potentially going to be hazards.

“Dogs, particularly those with a curious nature, may be attracted to antifreeze because of its sweet taste. Even a small amount can be fatal, so it’s vital to prevent access to any spilled antifreeze or puddles on driveways or roads.”

Symptoms of antifreeze poisoning can be subtle and may not appear immediately, they include:

• Vomiting
• Lethargy and weakness
• Unsteady or drunken-like behaviour
• Increased thirst and urination
• Rapid breathing
• Seizures or muscle twitching

Emily says: “If you suspect your dog has ingested antifreeze, contact your vet immediately. Prompt treatment is critical to prevent kidney failure and other severe complications. In some cases, early treatment can make the difference between life and death.”

Four ways to protect your dog this winter

Skip the walk

Emily says: It may come as a surprise to some people but you don't need to walk your dog every day. As long as they get some time outside to go to the toilet, you could spend the rest of your time with them doing some fun enrichment activities in the house.

“Be creative, try scent work by hiding some treats or their favourite toy or practice learning some new tricks.

Keep your dog clean, warm and comfortable

Emily says: “While some dogs have thick, waterproof coats that naturally keep them warm, others – particularly smaller breeds or those with short coats – can become chilled easily. If your dog falls into the latter category, consider investing in a waterproof coat to keep them warm and dry. Elderly dogs or breeds like Greyhounds and Staffordshire Bull Terriers may also benefit from a little extra insulation.

“But don’t overdo it. Layering on too many clothes can make your dog uncomfortable, and some canines may overheat if they’re dressed in too many layers. Pay attention to your dog’s body language to ensure they’re not too hot or too cold. And always choose clothing that is designed for pets, ensuring it doesn’t restrict movement.”

Improve visibility in low-light conditions

Emily says: “With shorter days and the increased likelihood of snow or fog, visibility can be poor on those winter walks. A high-visibility collar, lead, or harness is a simple but effective way to ensure your dog is easily seen by passing cars or pedestrians. You can also get flashing flights that clip onto your dog’s collar or a light up collar.

“In snowy conditions, these reflective accessories will help you spot your dog in low light, which is particularly important for off-lead walks in darker areas.”

Ensure a warm resting place after walks

Emily says: “Just like us, dogs need a warm and cosy place to retreat to after a winter walk. Make sure your dog has access to a bed or blanket that is free from draughts and placed in a warm area of your home. A comfortable rest is essential for your dog’s well-being, particularly after exerting themselves outside in cold weather.

“Winter can be a magical time for walks with your dog, but it’s important to take extra care to avoid the hazards that come with the season. By protecting your dog’s paws, ensuring they are dressed appropriately, and keeping an eye out for toxic substances like antifreeze, you can help ensure that winter remains a season of joy for both you and your four-legged companion.”